In the international crude oil prices break through 130 U.S. dollars today, the field of automotive technology in the future for the high ground has turned into a "world war" for the future is at the heart of the new car driven energy technologies.
August 8, 2007 the BYD F6 cars off the assembly line ceremony, the president of BYD Wang Chuanfu boasted, "BYD in 2015 to build the first Chinese car manufacturer, in 2025 to become the world automotive leader of a group", so Haoyan Although highly controversial, but also hidden agenda behind the all-too-apparent, who mastered the car new energy technology, who could win the world championship car, and one of the key chip is on-board battery .
Electric car key
At present, the new energy vehicle technologies, including three main areas: First, clean fuel technologies, including LPG, CNG, coal dimethyl ether, clean diesel technology; Second, the biological alternative energy technologies, including some of the crops extracted from methanol, ethanol And so on, or even use vegetable oil as fuel; The third category is electric vehicle technology, including electric (EV), hybrid (HEV) and Fuel Cell Technology (FCEV), and so on.
China Automotive Technology and Research Center Wang participated in the full 863 energy technologies in the field of electric vehicle technology major work of the special, he told reporters, the new energy vehicle is the ultimate development of pure electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles, and the most current market That the prospects for hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in add-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), in particular, are broad prospects for PHEV
, The largest of its technical bottleneck is precisely on-board battery .
In late February 2006, U.S. President George W. Bush visit to Johnson Controls Inc. (Johnson Controls) On Plug-in hybrid technology, said: "PHEV energy strategy is an important part of the U.S. government will provide 31,000,000 U.S. dollars to accelerate this research Of advanced technology. "PHEV can be seen in the future development of new energy vehicle one of the most important direction.
Toyota Prius Hybrid is the most successful model, in addition to price, the nickel-metal hydride Inspiron 1100 battery life inadequate and can not play outside of their type recharging is a key factor in further development, or by on-board battery constraints.
Wang Chuanfu a few days ago in the Ministry of Science and Technology's "River Innovation Forum," said its dual-mode hybrid electric vehicle F6DM will be listed in November. It is said, F6DM use of electric cars and hybrid system control is a generator motor and two hybrid force combining advanced technology, which is equivalent to EV + HEV, is in fact a charge of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle PHEV. BYD developed using the car's "ET-Power" battery-powered iron, which Wang Chuanfu the core of weapons.
Seize the high ground
The on-board battery research and development, countries are wrestling each other in order to break through early.
As early as 1991, the U.S. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler set up on the "Advanced Battery Consortium" (USABC), jointly developed a new generation of electric vehicles required for high-energy Asus battery , and the U.S. Department of Energy to provide large subsidies.
In Europe, "the city electric vehicles," Society has been involved in more than 60 cities in order to nickel-cadmium battery-powered electric vehicles in the marketing in Europe for a long time. Even the French government and Electricite de France, Peugeot - Citroen and Renault formed a joint venture of electric vehicle batteries - Sa Fute, to assume the high-energy battery research and development, leasing and maintenance work.
Japan from the 1970s to start the development of pure electric vehicles, Daihatsu, Suzuki, Toyota, Honda, Nissan and other auto companies to participate in a wide range, and the on-board battery R & D from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Fuji Heavy Industries, and other military enterprises act as a protagonist.
China is in the "Five-Year Plan" period to start the implementation of major special electric vehicles, and established the "three vertical and three horizontal" (fuel-cell cars, hybrid cars and pure electric vehicle technology as the vehicle of the three "vertical" multi-energy Powertrain systems, motor drives, power batteries of the three key technologies for the "three horizontal"), the layout of R & D, more than 200 enterprises and more than 2,000 researchers involved, to obtain a total of 796 domestic and foreign patents. FAW, Dongfeng, Chang'an, Chery, and other businesses out of the trial-like vehicles, and some put in trial operation, will Hua-ching Beijing, Beijing Keling, Tianjin Qingyuan, Wanxiang Group, and other non-automotive business also actively participated. R & D in the battery, developed a car with a net exporter of 30-60 kilowatts, with a net exporter of passenger cars 60-150 kilowatt fuel cell engine; high-power nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion 2127U battery power density, and other performance indicators closer to the advanced international level ... ...
Car batteries have their own strengths and weaknesses
At present, there are many on-board storage battery, including lead-acid, nickel cadmium, nickel hydrogen and nickel zinc, sodium - sulfur and sodium - chloride, nickel, lithium polymer and zinc - air, lithium ion, lithium iron phosphate batteries and so on, The largest of these in order to lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion battery-based.
Lead-acid Hp battery is currently the most mature, although the specific energy, power and energy density is low, but the high cost and high-rate discharge, can become the only mass produced electric vehicles use batteries. However, as long as you imagine with forklifts, cranes will be tons of battery electric bus assembly on the difficult scenario (as a result of slow charge, the use of sub-groups on a rotational basis), we can foresee their bleak future.
Nickel-metal hydride batteries and nickel-cadmium battery performance although better than lead-acid batteries, but its cost is not high, heavy metal, depleted after the abandonment of the environment can cause serious pollution, it was basically eliminated.
Lithium-ion battery with a light weight, energy, power, pollution-free, long life, since the coefficient small discharge, to adapt to a wide range of temperature, etc., have been gradually replaced by lead-acid and nickel-metal hydride batteries, becoming the overwhelming majority of the world's car The first choice for enterprises and the main direction, there are more than 20 enterprises to carry out on-board lithium-ion battery research and development, such as Fuji Heavy Industries, Sanyo, NEC, Toshiba, U.S. companies such as Johnson Controls. China's lithium-ion battery in the research level, there are a number of indicators over the USABC raised in 2010 provided long-term targets.
At present, high-capacity lithium-ion batteries
The selection of lithium batteries is an important step in a comprehensive description of the equipment, "the use of real profiles." For example, different equipment temperature limit would result in the same cells produce different results of the performance. Overview of the use of battery following a number of parameters, such as an operating voltage range, the current duty cycle, environmental and operating temperature, the cyclical behavior, and run-time charge, charge and discharge cycles, as well as the frequency of the number of times. In the design and development process, the sony battery manufacturer's specification does not contain such details. Only by understanding all the parameters, the battery pack can be seamlessly integrated into portable devices.
The best battery design should include a redundancy protection circuit, that is, in the main circuit failure, the auxiliary circuits can also play a role. In this way, only the battery in the case of a malfunction, that is, all the simultaneous failure of both circuits.
Battery components
In addition to the smart battery pack contains a number of circuit protection and thermal sensors, it also has a high-level intelligence functions. Such batteries usually contain a component Communications, which can charge and discharge the number of measures to carry out, also includes a total fuel cycle work to track each of the remaining battery time and the report of the security situation.
Based on the voltage of the main fuel of dollars to rely on periodic measurements of voltage to the battery capacity to understand. This approach has its limitations because it can only estimate the relative capacity and excessive given the information. First-line approach by measuring the total input current to calculate the battery capacity. This method required the co-processor, connected to the negative battery terminal and induction of resistance between the voltage drop to monitor in order to determine the battery charge and discharge activities. Coulomb-or two-line method, the PA3384U-1BRS battery can be used in the process to assess the absolute capacity. Two-line method is the most common agreement I2C and SMBus.
Once the battery pack assembly has been completed, most of the fuel should include the completion of the "learning cycle" process, so that the batteries can remember which part is empty and which part is over, and then will be able to correctly set the fuel dollars. However, the most advanced fuel cycle into account, even if do not need to learn, but also be able to achieve 99% accuracy, they are often used in critical applications.
The smart battery system is advanced in many handheld devices to choose a major. Their advanced features allow end-users to manage equipment and intelligence to prevent malfunction or shut down.
Protective measurements
Li-ion battery for internal security to rely on the measurement of heat off the isolation, it separated from the anode and the cathode material and the use of a material to ensure that the internal resistance of the battery temperature over time can increase the customs point.
In addition, the battery's certification program is very useful. When the micro-controller with the battery embedded with the main equipment in communication with the processor, the battery will start the accreditation process. This certification will not only protect from improper use of battery failure caused, but also to prevent the use of reverse plagiarism battery system to process patent.
The Apple battery used in the material must be monitored because of the heavy metal battery pack must be restricted. Europe's RoHS directive does not apply to batteries for the time being, some of the equipment is currently adopted by the European Battery Directive 91/157/EEC to manage, and its battery will be included for recycling.
August 8, 2007 the BYD F6 cars off the assembly line ceremony, the president of BYD Wang Chuanfu boasted, "BYD in 2015 to build the first Chinese car manufacturer, in 2025 to become the world automotive leader of a group", so Haoyan Although highly controversial, but also hidden agenda behind the all-too-apparent, who mastered the car new energy technology, who could win the world championship car, and one of the key chip is on-board battery .
Electric car key
At present, the new energy vehicle technologies, including three main areas: First, clean fuel technologies, including LPG, CNG, coal dimethyl ether, clean diesel technology; Second, the biological alternative energy technologies, including some of the crops extracted from methanol, ethanol And so on, or even use vegetable oil as fuel; The third category is electric vehicle technology, including electric (EV), hybrid (HEV) and Fuel Cell Technology (FCEV), and so on.
China Automotive Technology and Research Center Wang participated in the full 863 energy technologies in the field of electric vehicle technology major work of the special, he told reporters, the new energy vehicle is the ultimate development of pure electric vehicles and fuel cell electric vehicles, and the most current market That the prospects for hybrid electric vehicles and plug-in add-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), in particular, are broad prospects for PHEV
, The largest of its technical bottleneck is precisely on-board battery .
In late February 2006, U.S. President George W. Bush visit to Johnson Controls Inc. (Johnson Controls) On Plug-in hybrid technology, said: "PHEV energy strategy is an important part of the U.S. government will provide 31,000,000 U.S. dollars to accelerate this research Of advanced technology. "PHEV can be seen in the future development of new energy vehicle one of the most important direction.
Toyota Prius Hybrid is the most successful model, in addition to price, the nickel-metal hydride Inspiron 1100 battery life inadequate and can not play outside of their type recharging is a key factor in further development, or by on-board battery constraints.
Wang Chuanfu a few days ago in the Ministry of Science and Technology's "River Innovation Forum," said its dual-mode hybrid electric vehicle F6DM will be listed in November. It is said, F6DM use of electric cars and hybrid system control is a generator motor and two hybrid force combining advanced technology, which is equivalent to EV + HEV, is in fact a charge of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle PHEV. BYD developed using the car's "ET-Power" battery-powered iron, which Wang Chuanfu the core of weapons.
Seize the high ground
The on-board battery research and development, countries are wrestling each other in order to break through early.
As early as 1991, the U.S. General Motors, Ford and Chrysler set up on the "Advanced Battery Consortium" (USABC), jointly developed a new generation of electric vehicles required for high-energy Asus battery , and the U.S. Department of Energy to provide large subsidies.
In Europe, "the city electric vehicles," Society has been involved in more than 60 cities in order to nickel-cadmium battery-powered electric vehicles in the marketing in Europe for a long time. Even the French government and Electricite de France, Peugeot - Citroen and Renault formed a joint venture of electric vehicle batteries - Sa Fute, to assume the high-energy battery research and development, leasing and maintenance work.
Japan from the 1970s to start the development of pure electric vehicles, Daihatsu, Suzuki, Toyota, Honda, Nissan and other auto companies to participate in a wide range, and the on-board battery R & D from Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Fuji Heavy Industries, and other military enterprises act as a protagonist.
China is in the "Five-Year Plan" period to start the implementation of major special electric vehicles, and established the "three vertical and three horizontal" (fuel-cell cars, hybrid cars and pure electric vehicle technology as the vehicle of the three "vertical" multi-energy Powertrain systems, motor drives, power batteries of the three key technologies for the "three horizontal"), the layout of R & D, more than 200 enterprises and more than 2,000 researchers involved, to obtain a total of 796 domestic and foreign patents. FAW, Dongfeng, Chang'an, Chery, and other businesses out of the trial-like vehicles, and some put in trial operation, will Hua-ching Beijing, Beijing Keling, Tianjin Qingyuan, Wanxiang Group, and other non-automotive business also actively participated. R & D in the battery, developed a car with a net exporter of 30-60 kilowatts, with a net exporter of passenger cars 60-150 kilowatt fuel cell engine; high-power nickel-metal hydride and lithium-ion 2127U battery power density, and other performance indicators closer to the advanced international level ... ...
Car batteries have their own strengths and weaknesses
At present, there are many on-board storage battery, including lead-acid, nickel cadmium, nickel hydrogen and nickel zinc, sodium - sulfur and sodium - chloride, nickel, lithium polymer and zinc - air, lithium ion, lithium iron phosphate batteries and so on, The largest of these in order to lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion battery-based.
Lead-acid Hp battery is currently the most mature, although the specific energy, power and energy density is low, but the high cost and high-rate discharge, can become the only mass produced electric vehicles use batteries. However, as long as you imagine with forklifts, cranes will be tons of battery electric bus assembly on the difficult scenario (as a result of slow charge, the use of sub-groups on a rotational basis), we can foresee their bleak future.
Nickel-metal hydride batteries and nickel-cadmium battery performance although better than lead-acid batteries, but its cost is not high, heavy metal, depleted after the abandonment of the environment can cause serious pollution, it was basically eliminated.
Lithium-ion battery with a light weight, energy, power, pollution-free, long life, since the coefficient small discharge, to adapt to a wide range of temperature, etc., have been gradually replaced by lead-acid and nickel-metal hydride batteries, becoming the overwhelming majority of the world's car The first choice for enterprises and the main direction, there are more than 20 enterprises to carry out on-board lithium-ion battery research and development, such as Fuji Heavy Industries, Sanyo, NEC, Toshiba, U.S. companies such as Johnson Controls. China's lithium-ion battery in the research level, there are a number of indicators over the USABC raised in 2010 provided long-term targets.
At present, high-capacity lithium-ion batteries
The selection of lithium batteries is an important step in a comprehensive description of the equipment, "the use of real profiles." For example, different equipment temperature limit would result in the same cells produce different results of the performance. Overview of the use of battery following a number of parameters, such as an operating voltage range, the current duty cycle, environmental and operating temperature, the cyclical behavior, and run-time charge, charge and discharge cycles, as well as the frequency of the number of times. In the design and development process, the sony battery manufacturer's specification does not contain such details. Only by understanding all the parameters, the battery pack can be seamlessly integrated into portable devices.
The best battery design should include a redundancy protection circuit, that is, in the main circuit failure, the auxiliary circuits can also play a role. In this way, only the battery in the case of a malfunction, that is, all the simultaneous failure of both circuits.
Battery components
In addition to the smart battery pack contains a number of circuit protection and thermal sensors, it also has a high-level intelligence functions. Such batteries usually contain a component Communications, which can charge and discharge the number of measures to carry out, also includes a total fuel cycle work to track each of the remaining battery time and the report of the security situation.
Based on the voltage of the main fuel of dollars to rely on periodic measurements of voltage to the battery capacity to understand. This approach has its limitations because it can only estimate the relative capacity and excessive given the information. First-line approach by measuring the total input current to calculate the battery capacity. This method required the co-processor, connected to the negative battery terminal and induction of resistance between the voltage drop to monitor in order to determine the battery charge and discharge activities. Coulomb-or two-line method, the PA3384U-1BRS battery can be used in the process to assess the absolute capacity. Two-line method is the most common agreement I2C and SMBus.
Once the battery pack assembly has been completed, most of the fuel should include the completion of the "learning cycle" process, so that the batteries can remember which part is empty and which part is over, and then will be able to correctly set the fuel dollars. However, the most advanced fuel cycle into account, even if do not need to learn, but also be able to achieve 99% accuracy, they are often used in critical applications.
The smart battery system is advanced in many handheld devices to choose a major. Their advanced features allow end-users to manage equipment and intelligence to prevent malfunction or shut down.
Protective measurements
Li-ion battery for internal security to rely on the measurement of heat off the isolation, it separated from the anode and the cathode material and the use of a material to ensure that the internal resistance of the battery temperature over time can increase the customs point.
In addition, the battery's certification program is very useful. When the micro-controller with the battery embedded with the main equipment in communication with the processor, the battery will start the accreditation process. This certification will not only protect from improper use of battery failure caused, but also to prevent the use of reverse plagiarism battery system to process patent.
The Apple battery used in the material must be monitored because of the heavy metal battery pack must be restricted. Europe's RoHS directive does not apply to batteries for the time being, some of the equipment is currently adopted by the European Battery Directive 91/157/EEC to manage, and its battery will be included for recycling.